Is Fervor Positive or Negative?

Fervor is usually perceived as a positive emotion.

Is Fervor an Emotion or a Feeling?

Emotion

What Kind of Emotion is Fervor?

Fervor is characterized by intense, passionate enthusiasm typically directed towards a specific idea, activity, or cause. It involves a high level of emotional energy and excitement. Individuals experiencing fervor are often highly motivated and focused on their interests or objectives, displaying a strong commitment and a willingness to go above and beyond to achieve their goals. This state can be contagious, inspiring others around them to also engage with the same level of intensity and passion. The emotion of fervor can be seen in various contexts, from religious zeal to political activism, and even in personal hobbies and professional pursuits.

Definition of Fervor

The definition of fervor refers to the intensity of spirit, feeling, or expression. Fervor encompasses great warmth and earnestness of feeling, often exhibited with vigorous enthusiasm towards an idea, cause, or activity. This emotional state is marked by a high degree of passion and zeal, driving individuals to engage deeply and persistently in activities or beliefs they feel strongly about.

Symptoms of Fervor

Common symptoms of fervor include heightened energy levels, increased focus, and an overwhelming sense of passion and commitment to a particular cause or activity. Individuals exhibiting fervor may also show signs of restlessness or an urgent need for action, especially in relation to the object of their fervor. Emotionally, they may experience intense joy or satisfaction when engaged in activities related to their passion. Physiologically, symptoms akin to those of arousal, such as a faster heartbeat or increased adrenaline, might be evident due to their elevated excitement. Additionally, fervor can lead to a reduced awareness of obstacles, as the fervent individual often maintains a optimistic outlook about their pursuits.

Causes of Fervor

Fervor is often triggered by a deep connection or commitment to a particular cause, idea, or activity that aligns strongly with one’s values or interests. It may be sparked by experiences that resonate deeply on a personal or emotional level, such as discovering a passion for a social cause, committing to religious beliefs, or immersing oneself in artistic or creative endeavors. External influences, such as inspiring leaders, significant life events, or a supportive community, can also ignite fervor in individuals. Additionally, fervor can result from a desire for change or improvement, either within oneself or in the world, driving individuals to act with intense passion and commitment.

Fervor in Relationships

Fervor typically manifests in relationships through intense and passionate interactions. Individuals with fervor show deep enthusiasm and commitment towards their relationships, which can lead to a highly energetic and dynamic connection between partners or friends. This intensity often translates into a strong dedication to supporting and uplifting each other, fostering a profound sense of unity and shared purpose. However, it is crucial to balance fervor with understanding and patience, as the high energy and focus that come with it can sometimes overpower the needs or pace preferred by the other person in the relationship. Mindful communication and mutual respect are essential to ensure that fervor contributes positively to the relationship, enhancing the connection rather than overwhelming it.

Role of Fervor in Mental Health

Role of Fervor in Mental Health

Fervor can play a dual role in mental health, fostering both positive outcomes and potential challenges, depending on its intensity and focus. Positively, fervor can enhance an individual’s sense of purpose and identity by providing a clear direction and motivation for engaging with meaningful activities or causes. This engagement often leads to increased self-esteem, enriched life satisfaction, and even improved emotional resilience, as individuals are likely to feel a sense of accomplishment and belonging.

However, when fervor is intense and unchecked, it can lead to potential mental health challenges. Persistent, overwhelming passion may result in stress, especially if the goals associated with the fervor are not met or if the personal expectations are too high. This can escalate to anxiety or feelings of inadequacy, particularly if the individual neglects other areas of their life or personal relationships in pursuit of their fervent goals. Additionally, fervor can become consuming to the point of obsession, which might isolate the individual from social supports and lead to burnout if not managed appropriately.

It is crucial for individuals who experience fervor to cultivate awareness about their emotional states and maintain balance in their activities and relationships. Mindful practices and self-regulation can help manage fervor positively, ensuring it adds value to one’s life and fosters mental well-being rather than detracting from it. Engaging in dialogue with mental health professionals or supportive peers can also provide valuable strategies for channeling fervor in healthy ways that promote mental and emotional health.

Related Emotions to Fervor

Emotions closely related to fervor include enthusiasm, passion, zeal, and ardor. These emotions share common elements of intense energy and deep engagement with activities, ideas, or causes. Enthusiasm encompasses an eager enjoyment, interest, or approval which is akin to fervor but may be less intense. Passion involves a powerful and compelling emotion or feeling, typically towards a person, activity, or concept, paralleling the intensity found in fervor. Zeal is often described as fervent or enthusiastic devotion to a cause or an ideal, showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or an objective. Lastly, ardor represents an intense feeling of love or strong devotion, enthusiasm, or interest, mirroring the high emotional intensity and commitment seen in fervor.

Colors of Fervor

The colors most commonly associated with fervor are red and orange. These colors symbolize energy, passion, and intensity, all of which are characteristics of fervor. Red, in particular, is often linked with strong emotions and drives, embodying the fervor individuals may feel towards a cause, person, or goal. Orange combines the energy of red with the happiness of yellow, representing enthusiasm and boundless activity, which aligns closely with the dynamic nature of fervor. These colors are used in various contexts to evoke and communicate the intense and passionate qualities of fervor.

Fervor vs. Other Emotions

Comparison Between Fervor and Enthusiasm

Fervor and enthusiasm are often used interchangeably, but they represent distinct emotional states with differing intensities and implications.

Fervor is a more intense and enduring emotion, characterized by an overwhelming passion and a deep, almost consuming commitment to a particular cause, idea, or activity. It is often associated with a powerful drive and a high level of energy that can influence long-term dedication and efforts. This intensity makes fervor a profound force that can manifest in significant personal or social change but can also lead to potential burnout if not managed carefully.

In contrast, enthusiasm is generally less intense and can be more fleeting. It describes a state of excitement or eagerness about an event, idea, or activity. While enthusiasm also involves positive emotions and can be contagious in motivating others, it does not typically encompass the depth of commitment and enduring energy that fervor does. Enthusiasm may inspire initial interest or spur short-term involvement, but it does not necessarily drive a person to deeply immerse themselves as fervor does.

Thus, while both emotions contribute positively to motivational states, fervor entails a deeper, more sustained, and sometimes overwhelming passion compared to the generally lighter, more variable nature of enthusiasm. This distinction is crucial for understanding how each emotion plays out in personal behaviors and social movements, influencing how individuals commit to and engage with specific pursuits or goals.

The Emotional Range of Fervor

Fervor exhibits a broad emotional range and can vary significantly in intensity, depending on the situation and individual experiencing it.

Fervor is a dynamic emotion, influenced by individual temperament, the value of the objective, and situational contexts. At its milder intensity, fervor can manifest as a steady and persistent enthusiasm toward an activity or idea. This level of fervor is generally healthy, motivating individuals to engage constructively and productively with their passions, without overwhelming other aspects of their lives.

As fervor intensifies, it can evolve into an exceptionally powerful driving force, compelling individuals toward actions that strongly support or align with their deep beliefs or goals. This heightened state can be extremely potent, often resulting in remarkable dedication and achievements. However, this level of fervor can also cloud judgement, leading to an all-consuming focus where balance and rational considerations take a backseat.

Thus, while fervor can be a profoundly positive and motivating emotion, its intensity needs monitoring and regulation to prevent potential negative outcomes such as obsession or burnout. Awareness and management of its intensity ensure fervor remains a beneficial and enriching emotion, contributing positively to personal fulfillment and achievements.

Is Fervor Constructive or Destructive?

Fervor is generally constructive as it drives individuals toward passionate involvement and commitment in activities, causes, or relationships that they deeply value. However, this strong emotional engagement typically fuels meaningful action, motivates personal growth, and fosters a sense of purpose and fulfillment, enhancing an individual’s life and often benefiting others around them.

Fervor inspires individuals to expend energy and resources in ways that can lead to significant personal or communal developments, particularly when directed toward constructive and sustainable goals. The intense passion that characterizes fervor can lead to innovation, social change, and personal transformation, as individuals are motivated to overcome challenges and make notable impacts in areas that matter deeply to them.

However, fervor’s constructive potential can turn destructive if it becomes unbalanced or obsessive. When fervor escalates to the point where it blinds an individual to reason, leads to neglect of personal well-being or relationships, or results in burnout, its effects are no longer beneficial. Additionally, if fervor is directed toward harmful or divisive causes, it can foster extremism or conflict.

Thus, whether fervor is constructive or destructive largely depends on how it is channeled and regulated. Mindful engagement with fervor, where individuals maintain awareness of their motivations and actions while ensuring balance in their lives, tends to preserve the positive aspects of fervor while mitigating potential negative effects.

Purpose of Fervor in Human Behavior

The primary purpose or function of fervor in human behavior is to provide a powerful motivational force that drives individuals towards deeper engagement and sustained action in areas of significant personal or communal importance. Fervor fuels a deep-seated enthusiasm and commitment that can lead to profound personal fulfillment and societal impact. This emotional state enhances an individual’s focus and dedication, allowing them to pursue their goals with a heightened sense of purpose and energy.

Fervor acts as an essential catalyst in propelling individuals to overcome challenges and persist in their endeavors, even in the face of adversity. It triggers a dynamic and passionate involvement in activities, encouraging continuous effort and perseverance. Moreover, fervor can inspire and influence others, spreading a contagious enthusiasm that can lead to collective action and shared achievements.

By fostering such deep commitment and active participation, fervor contributes significantly to personal growth, social cohesion, and the advancement of societal goals. It promotes the resilience and drive necessary for initiating change and realizing visions, whether in personal aspirations, community projects, or global movements. Thus, fervor is a key emotional mechanism in realizing both individual potential and communal objectives.

What Emotion Underlies Fervor?

Excitement often underlies or precedes fervor. Excitement is an emotional state characterized by a high level of arousal and anticipation, typically in response to something new or highly anticipated. This state primes an individual for increased engagement and activity, setting the stage for fervor. As excitement builds, it can evolve into fervor when the individual’s interest and engagement deepen, driving them to immerse themselves fully and passionately in activities, causes, or pursuits that resonate strongly with their values and interests.

Physical Manifestations of Fervor

Physical signs that accompany fervor often include increased energy, heightened alertness, and physical excitement. Individuals experiencing fervor may exhibit a range of physiological responses similar to those seen in situations of high arousal. These responses can include an accelerated heartbeat, rapid breathing, and an overall increase in body energy levels, which are signs of the body’s fight-or-flight mechanism being activated albeit in a positive and motivated context.

Additionally, fervor might manifest through animated gestures, expressive facial expressions, and a tendency to speak more loudly or quickly due to the intense emotions involved. Physiologically, individuals might also experience sweating or a flushed face as part of the increased blood flow and adrenaline rush that accompanies their passionate enthusiasm. These physical signs are indicators of the deep emotional engagement and the powerful motivational state that fervor induces in an individual.

Top Causes of Fervor

Fervor is often triggered by a deep connection or commitment to a cause, idea, or activity that resonates strongly with an individual’s personal values or interests. This profound alignment with personal beliefs fuels the intense passion and dedication characteristic of fervor. Common triggers include:

  • Personal discovery or enlightenment that aligns with one’s deep-seated values or long-standing interests. This might occur through exposure to new ideas, education, or transformative life experiences.
  • Inspirational figures or leaders who embody values or goals that an individual deeply respects and wishes to emulate or support. The influence of charismatic leaders can significantly ignite fervor in followers.
  • Communal or group involvement where the collective enthusiasm and commitment can bolster an individual’s fervor. Being part of a group that shares intense dedication towards a common goal can be a powerful motivator.
  • Crisis or urgent societal issues can precipitate fervor, as individuals or groups feel a compelling need to act or contribute solutions. In the face of adversity, fervor can drive significant social or political movements.
  • Personal achievements or milestones that confirm an individual’s capabilities and reinforce their commitment to further endeavors can also trigger fervor, enhancing commitment to continue pursuing challenging goals.

These triggers showcase how fervor can be sparked by both internal motivations and external influences, each contributing to the heightened emotional state that drives fervent actions.

Root Causes of Fervor

The root causes or deeper underlying reasons for fervor typically stem from a profound emotional, psychological, or spiritual investment in something that resonates deeply with an individual’s core values and beliefs. This deep resonance can be influenced by several foundational factors:

  1. Personal Values and Beliefs: Strong personal convictions often serve as the bedrock for fervor. When individuals identify closely with certain values or beliefs, any cause or activity that aligns with these can ignite fervent emotions. This alignment not only triggers fervor but also sustains it over time, as the subject of fervor continuously resonates with what individuals perceive as integral to their identity or life purpose.
  2. Need for Purpose or Meaning: Humans have an inherent desire to lead meaningful lives. Fervor can arise from the pursuit of activities, causes, or goals that provide a sense of purpose. This purpose-driven fervor is particularly evident when individuals engage in actions that they believe have a significant impact on the community, society or even globally.
  3. Desire for Connection and Identity: Fervor can develop as individuals seek to define themselves and find a community with similar passions and priorities. This search for connectedness can foster a deep emotional investment that fuels fervor, particularly within group settings or movements where shared enthusiasm and collective goals reinforce individual commitment.
  4. Emotional Response to Inspiration and Aspiration: Inspiration from external sources, such as influential leaders, pivotal events, or transformative experiences, can catalyze fervor. Similarly, personal aspirations to achieve or excel in certain areas can drive an intense, fervent approach toward goals.
  5. Escape from Monotony or Distress: Sometimes, fervor arises as a psychological response to escape everyday monotony or personal distress. Engaging passionately in a cause or activity can provide a diversion from personal grievances or a sense of control and empowerment.
  6. Biological and Environmental Factors: On a biological level, the neurochemical reactions associated with excitement and reward can foster fervor. Environmentally, societal or cultural encouragement of fervent behavior toward certain goals or ideals can also play a significant role.

These root causes highlight the complexity of fervor as an emotion, influenced by a combination of personal experiences, psychological needs, social contexts, and biological mechanisms.

Benefits of Experiencing Fervor

Fervor can significantly enhance an individual’s life, offering various emotional, psychological, social, and even physical benefits.

By driving intense and passionate involvement in activities, causes, or relationships, fervor contributes to a profound sense of fulfillment and life satisfaction. This emotional state can boost motivation, making individuals more likely to pursue their goals with great energy and persistence. This high level of motivation is crucial for achieving complex or long-term goals, as it helps individuals maintain their focus and enthusiasm over time.

Fervor also enriches personal growth and development. Engaging deeply with passions or interests leads to a continuous learning process and skill development, adding to an individual’s capabilities and self-esteem. The challenges and successes experienced in the pursuit of fervent endeavors provide valuable life lessons and personal insights, contributing to emotional maturity and resilience.

Socially, fervor can foster a strong sense of community and connection. When shared among groups or between individuals, it can create a strong bond driven by common goals and shared enthusiasm. This can enhance social cohesion and provide a supportive network that offers encouragement and assistance during challenges, amplifying the collective impact of group endeavors.

Moreover, fervor often leads to creativity and innovation. The intense focus and energy it generates can lead to novel ideas and ambitious projects, particularly when directed toward creative or problem-solving activities. This aspect of fervor can lead to significant advancements in various fields, including arts, science, and community development.

Clinically, fervor can positively impact physical health by promoting an active lifestyle and reducing the symptoms of stress and depression. The positive emotions associated with fervor, such as joy and satisfaction, can contribute to overall well-being, reducing feelings of stress and enhancing mental health. Furthermore, the physical activity often involved in fervent pursuits can improve physical health, supporting cardiovascular fitness and energy vitality.

In essence, fervor can serve as a catalyst for achieving a rich and fulfilling life. It helps individuals realize their potential, contributes to their well-being, and enables them to make meaningful contributions to society. The positive aspects of fervor highlight its role as a powerful and beneficial psychological state, provided it is managed with mindfulness to avoid the potential for burnout or obsessive tendencies.

Positive and Negative Effects of Fervor

Yes, fervor can have both positive and negative effects on individuals, depending on how it is managed and directed.

Positive Effects of Fervor

Fervor drives individuals to engage deeply and passionately with their interests or causes. This intense engagement often leads to heightened levels of personal satisfaction and achievements. The commitment and energetic input fueled by fervor can motivate individuals to tackle challenges and persist despite obstacles, fostering resilience and personal growth. Furthermore, fervor can contribute to identity formation and a strong sense of purpose, as individuals align their actions with their deepest values and beliefs.

The collective expression of fervor within groups or communities can amplify its positive impacts, creating a shared sense of purpose and cohesion. This can lead to significant communal achievements and a supportive network, which enhances individual and collective resilience against adversity.

Negative Effects of Fervor

However, when fervor is excessive or poorly managed, it can lead to negative outcomes. An intense and unchecked fervor may blur the boundaries between healthy passion and obsessive behavior, potentially leading to burnout or mental health issues such as anxiety or depression if personal ambitions are not met or if the individual feels overwhelmed by their commitments.

Fervor may also cloud judgment, causing individuals to overlook practical considerations or potential risks associated with their pursuits. In relationships, excessive fervor might lead to imbalance, where one party’s overwhelming enthusiasm and focus could overpower the other’s preferences or needs, potentially leading to conflict or alienation.

The key to harnessing the benefits of fervor while mitigating its potential drawbacks lies in self-awareness and balance. Individuals should monitor their emotional states and seek to maintain a healthy perspective on their activities and relationships. Engaging in regular self-reflection, setting realistic goals, and fostering open communications in relationships can help manage fervor constructively. Moreover, balancing fervor with relaxation and diversification of interests can prevent burnout and maintain long-term engagement and well-being.

Using Fervor for Personal Development

To utilize fervor to their advantage in personal development or behavior, individuals should channel their intense passion and energy into constructive and clearly defined goals.

Engaging fervor in personal development involves setting realistic and meaningful objectives that align with one’s core values and long-term aspirations. By doing so, the energy and enthusiasm that fervor generates can be effectively directed towards achieving substantial personal growth and accomplishments. Individuals should also ensure that their goals are balanced and varied to avoid the potential pitfalls of overcommitment to a single endeavor, which might lead to burnout.

Additionally, it is advantageous to use the motivational power of fervor to develop resilience. The challenges faced and overcome while pursuing fervent goals serve as vital learning experiences that enhance one’s ability to adapt and thrive in various circumstances. This process fosters resilience by building confidence and reinforcing the belief in one’s capacities and values.

Fervor can also be utilized in building and strengthening relationships. By sharing one’s fervor with others, either through collaborative projects or shared interests, individuals can deepen bonds and establish a supportive network. This communal aspect of fervor not only enriches personal relationships but also enhances social interactions and teamwork, contributing to greater collective achievements and satisfaction.

Moreover, nurturing a reflective mindset is crucial in harnessing fervor effectively. Regular self-reflection helps maintain awareness of the emotional and physical states that fervor induces, allowing individuals to adjust their actions and goals to ensure they remain healthy and sustainable. Reflection also promotes emotional intelligence, as individuals become more attuned to the influences of their emotions on their behavior and decisions.

Ultimately, by strategically applying fervor towards focused, aligned, and diversified objectives, while maintaining a mindful and reflective approach to balance and self-regulation, individuals can maximize the benefits of fervor in personal development and behavior. This approach ensures that fervor remains a positive driving force that supports continuous personal growth, enriches relationships, and contributes to achieving a fulfilling and purpose-driven life.

Self-Reflective Questions for Understanding Fervor

Understanding and managing fervor effectively can be enhanced by engaging in introspective or self-reflective practices. Here are several questions that individuals can contemplate to deepen their understanding of their fervor and to manage its impact constructively:

  1. What are the core values and beliefs that fuel my fervor? This question helps identify the underlying motivations and aligns fervor with personal integrity and purpose.
  2. How does my fervor influence my decision-making and daily behavior? Reflecting on this question can reveal how fervor may be shaping actions and prioritizations in both positive and negative ways.
  3. What physical and emotional signs indicate that my fervor might be becoming unbalanced? Recognizing these signs helps in taking timely measures to restore balance, thus avoiding the negative consequences of excessive fervor.
  4. In what ways do I channel my fervor constructively? Identifying effective outlets for fervor can reinforce positive behaviors and encourage the continued use of productive strategies.
  5. How do others react to my fervor? Is it inspiring or overwhelming to them? This question strengthens social awareness and can guide adjustments in how fervor is expressed, ensuring it remains motivational rather than oppressive to others.
  6. What measures do I have in place to prevent burnout from my fervent activities? Proactively addressing this helps maintain long-term engagement and satisfaction from fervent pursuits.
  7. Am I sacrificing important aspects of my life, such as health or relationships, due to my fervor? This crucial reflection can prompt reevaluation of priorities and the promotion of a more balanced lifestyle.
  8. How do I respond when faced with setbacks in areas where I have fervor? Understanding one’s reactions can aid in developing resilience and a more adaptive approach to challenges.
  9. What changes can I make to ensure that my fervor continues to enrich and not detract from my life? This forward-looking question encourages continuous improvement and the adaptive management of fervor.
  10. How can I share my fervor in ways that positively influence or help others? Considering this can enhance the social value of fervor, turning personal passion into broader societal contributions.

Engaging regularly with these introspective questions promotes a deeper and more nuanced understanding of fervor, fostering an approach that maximizes its benefits while minimizing potential drawbacks. This self-reflective practice supports emotional growth and the constructive application of fervor in various aspects of life.

Fervor from a Psychological Perspective

Psychological Perspective on Fervor

From a psychological perspective, fervor is understood as an intense and passionate emotional state that motivates individuals towards proactive engagement and commitment to specific causes, ideas, or actions. This state is characterized by a deep emotional involvement that transcends normal interest or enjoyment, urging individuals to participate actively and persistently in pursued activities.

Psychologically, fervor is often associated with intrinsic motivation. This form of motivation arises internally, driven by personal satisfaction or the inherent pleasure of performing an activity, rather than external rewards. Fervor fuels this intrinsic motivation, enhancing an individual’s focus and energy towards activities that are aligned with their personal values and beliefs.

Cognitive theories also provide insight into how fervor operates. These theories suggest that fervor may stem from cognitive processes where individuals perceive a high degree of congruence between their activities and their overarching life goals or values. This perception reinforces their commitment and satisfaction, thereby elevating their emotional and motivational intensity.

Additionally, fervor can be linked to the concept of flow, a psychological state wherein a person is fully immersed and involved in an activity. During flow, individuals often experience a deep sense of enjoyment and concentration, similar to the attributes observed in fervor. This state is characterized by a perfect balance between the challenge of the task and the individual’s skills, which fervor can help to optimize by boosting emotional and motivational engagement.

Emotionally, fervor involves a complex interplay of feelings, including joy, passion, and occasionally, anxiety or stress, depending on the context and outcomes of fervent pursuits. This emotional complexity indicates that fervor, while predominantly positive and motivating, must be managed carefully to prevent it from leading to stress or burnout.

In summary, fervor is comprehended in psychology as a potent motivational and emotional state that drives individuals towards deep, sustained engagement in activities that resonate with their core values and beliefs. This engagement is not only fulfilling but also crucial for personal growth and achievement, provided it is balanced and aligned with an individual’s overall well-being and life circumstances.

Is Fervor Viewed as Negative or Positive?

Fervor is generally viewed as a positive sentiment. This perspective stems from the association of fervor with high motivation, intense passion, and a profound commitment to engaging in activities, causes, or relationships that individuals deeply value. Fervor typically leads to active involvement and persistent efforts to achieve personal or communal goals, thus contributing positively to personal satisfaction and societal progression.

The positive view of fervor is further affirmed by its capability to generate enthusiasm, inspiration, and a strong sense of purpose among individuals and within communities. These aspects not only augment individual fulfillment and growth but also encourage collective endeavors and accomplishments, enhancing social cohesion and communal well-being.

However, it is essential to recognize that the positivity associated with fervor is contingent on its balanced management. Uncontrolled or misdirected fervor may lead to negative outcomes, such as burnout, obsession, or extreme behaviors, which can obscure its beneficial attributes. Therefore, while fervor is typically viewed positively due to its motivational and enriching properties, its management plays a crucial role in ensuring that it remains a constructive force in an individual’s life and in society.

How to be fervent?

To attain fervor, individuals should actively engage with activities, causes, or ideas that resonate deeply with their personal values and passions. An effective approach is to identify an area of interest that not only excites but also aligns with one’s core beliefs and long-term aspirations. For instance, someone who is passionate about environmental conservation could immerse themselves in volunteer work with local sustainability projects, participate in environmental advocacy groups, or pursue education and career opportunities in environmental science. Through deep involvement and dedicated effort in these areas, the individual can cultivate fervor, as their actions are deeply aligned with their values and have a meaningful impact.

It is essential for individuals to regularly reflect on their involvement to ensure that it remains intrinsically motivated and aligned with their essential values, thereby maintaining the fervor in a balanced and sustainable way. Moreover, seeking out communities or groups that share similar interests can enhance and sustain fervor by reinforcing enthusiasm through shared experiences and collective goals.